Environmental

S&P Global Market Intelligence analysis reveals that repealing the Inflation Reduction Act would reduce US solar, wind, and battery capacity by 13-15% while increasing gas generation by 16%, cutting CO₂ emissions progress from 20% to just 11% below 2022 levels by 2035. Regional impacts vary dramatically: Texas uniquely benefits with lower energy prices, Florida suffers the worst outcomes with most renewables becoming uneconomical due to no renewable mandates, California faces the largest price increases, and New York must compensate for lost offshore wind capacity. The key finding is that states with strong Renewable Portfolio Standards fare much better than those relying on market economics alone, proving federal tax credits are crucial for clean energy deployment.

Environmental

"Carbon earnings at risk" refers to the potential financial losses a company could face due to its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a world where carbon is priced—either through carbon taxes, emissions trading systems (ETS), or regulatory penalties. It’s a form of transition risk under the broader category of climate-related financial risks (as outlined by the TCFD and increasingly by IFRS S2).

ESG

Trust is essential for managing conflict effectively. High trust allows for easier conflict resolution, while low trust makes conflicts destructive and difficult to resolve. Ultimately, the level of trust shapes conflict dynamics, and rebuilding trust is often key to resolving disputes.

Environmental

Use emissions intensity to allocate emissions to Scope 3 Category 15.